Nanopores for DNA sequencing
The need for label-free, single molecule sequencing
Many existing DNA sequencing technologies are burdened by the need to use fluorescent molecular labels and optical hardware to differentiate the types of DNA base. This process is expensive, due to the cost of reagents and sophisticated instrumentation that is needed to detect and interpret the photon signal into DNA sequence data. The workflow and data management can also be complex with heavy emphasis on skilled labour.
Most sequencing methods also require amplification of the DNA before sequencing. This process also adds time and expense and can result in amplification errors, leading to inaccurate sequence data.
Nanopores offer a label-free, electrical, single-molecule DNA sequencing method, obviating the need for amplification or labelling by detecting a direct electrical signal. Whilst the evolution of other technologies relies on improvements in existing chemical, optical or bioinformatics procedures, nanopores will bypass these to deliver a genuinely revolutionary sequencing method.
Types of nanopore sequencing
Oxford Nanopore has active projects or collaborations in the following methods of nanopore DNA sequencing.
Using a processive enzyme to cleave individual nucleotides from a DNA strand and pass them through a protein nanopore. Oxford Nanopore has a commercialisation agreement with Illumina for this method.
Identifying individual nucleotides on a DNA strand as it passes intact through a protein nanopore.
Using synthetic materials, rather than protein pores, to create nanopores.
